How do ships really know where they are? Drawing on Edwin Hutchins’ ethnographic research, this essay explores distributed cognition, complex adaptive systems, and why effective leadership is about sustaining collective sense-making rather than command and control.

A brief journey explaining the quest for purpose and meaning, stretching from teleology to teleonomy, from Plato to Camus.

The mesmerizing behavior of starling flocks and schools of fish depending on very few and simple rules, creating very complex flight and swim patterns sheds light for us to understand complexity